劳动合同服务期规则的适用——以海南省某企业招聘信息为切入点

海南省某企业在其招聘广告中要求劳动者承诺终身服务,涉及服务期规则的适用问题。现行《劳动合同法》存在对劳动者过度保护的倾向性,劳动者约束性条款数量较少。而服务期规则作为用人单位长期留用人才的唯一法律依托,存在着可设定服务期的事项范围过窄、违约金条款不具有应有惩罚性的问题。服务期规则的不健全把企业吸引和培育人才的手段引向异端。司法实践中出现了对现行服务期规则进行突破的裁判或未突破现行规则但裁判结果有违诚信原则的情况。针对现状,建议拓宽可设定服务期的事项范围、改进违约金规则使其具有惩罚性来保障企业人力资本投入上的合理利益,同时规定最长服务期限来维护劳动者基本权益,从而最大限度地维持劳资双方利益平衡。     

Constructions of ‘the ageless’ asylum seekers: An analysis of how age is understood among professionals working within the norwegian immigration authorities

This article explores how professionals within the Norwegian immigration authorities conceptualise age when doing non-medical age assessments. By using social constructivism, which challenges an ethnocentric quantifying understanding of age, we delve into how socially constructed perceptions of childhood and adulthood manifest in assessment practices and the implications of these. By examining how applicants’ physical appearance, body language and life experience are used as an assessment basis, we argue that the ways age is conceptualised relate to Western ideas and ideals while overlooking other social and cultural backgrounds in which age is embedded.     

不同冷链服务模式下生鲜农产品供应链决策

基于单物流服务商、单供应商和单零售商构成的生鲜农产品供应链，构建3种冷链服务模式：承诺模式、提前要求模式与延后要求模式，探讨不同冷链服务模式对定价与冷链服务水平、企业绩效的影响。研究发现：某种冷链服务模式是否有利于消减数量与质量损耗依赖于产品易腐性、冷链服务成本及其分担比例。供应链成员无法在承诺模式与提前要求模式下形成统一的模式偏好。当物流服务商承担的冷链服务成本比例较低时，相比于提前要求模式，供应商偏好承诺模式，否则，偏好提前要求模式。承诺模式比提前要求模式更有利于物流服务商，然而对于零售商，结果正好相反。数值实验表明，虽然供应链成员无法对冷链服务模式形成整体的一致性偏好，但仍可实现局部的一致性偏好。     

民族互嵌式社区居民公共服务幸福感指标体系的构建

构建相互嵌入式社会结构和社区环境，是铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推动多民族社区治理的重要途径。由于多元文化的碰撞交融，社区内部张力扩大，民族互嵌式社区的治理在一定程度上存在着多民族融合表面化、社区共同体意识淡薄等一系列问题。论文结合社会系统论、社区治理论的相关原理，厘清民族互嵌式社区的内涵，提出民族互嵌式社区居民公共服务幸福感指标体系的构想。通过差异化选址、探索性因素分析，形成影响居民公共服务幸福感的社区融合、社区治理、社区文化建设、社会医疗、社区教育五个维度及指标体系，为有效评价民族互嵌式社区公共服务提供借鉴。     

互联网医疗服务法律监管研究

随着互联网技术的进步以及医疗改革的深入,互联网医疗服务成为新生业态.然而,我国互联网医疗服务法律监管体系还不够完善,缺乏统一规范的监管体系,多头监管、个人隐私隐患大、纠纷处理解决机制不健全等现实困境尚未解决,不利于互联网医疗服务行业的发展和人民群众身心健康.为解决上述问题,通过梳理发达国家的成功经验,如美国的移动医疗应用程序监管和个人隐私保护、欧盟的互联医疗数据管理、英国的行业协会监管等,结合我国现有国情,建议从完善立法体系、建设隐私保护机制、构建行业监管、明晰医疗服务主体责任等方面健全互联网医疗法律监管制度,以期推动互联网医疗服务行业发展,保障医患双方的合法权益.     

Employers' perspectives on benefit conditionality in the UK and Denmark

This article examines the under-explored demand-side of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Based on interview data from a comparative study of the UK and Denmark, the paper analyses employers' perspectives and experiences of ALMPs. In both countries, employers were favourably disposed towards employing unemployed jobseekers but held negative views on conditionality. First, benefit conditionality led to employers receiving large numbers of unsuitable and unfiltered job applications, with associated negative resource impacts. Second, employers perceived this as a product of ‘box ticking' and compliance targets. Finally, employers criticised policy and media rhetoric for focusing solely on the supply-side and for problematizing unemployed candidates. The paper argues that these crucial, but neglected, employer perspectives demonstrate that the current benefit conditionality regime in the UK risks irrevocably ‘tarnishing' candidates, which undermines, rather than enhances, their chances of securing employment through ALMPs. This unique dataset provides further evidence that the current direction of policy requires urgent and radical re-thinking.     

The Role of Empowerment in Home Care Work

ABSTRACT

The home care industry experiences similar problems with the recruitment and retention of direct care workers (DCWs) as those faced by institutions, and it is important to identify strategies to help retain and grow this important workforce. The empowerment of DCWs has been shown to be an effective strategy for increasing job satisfaction and decreasing turnover in nursing homes but has not been studied in home care. Using Kanter’s organizational theory of empowerment, including structural empowerment (structure of opportunity, access to resources, access to information, and access to support) and psychological empowerment (meaning, competence, self-determination or autonomy, and impact) this study examined whether home care workers (HCWs) feel empowered in carrying out their jobs. An exploratory, qualitative study of 12 HCWs, recruited from two states in the United States, found high levels of both structural and psychological empowerment among research participants, as well as a number of disempowering aspects of their job. Findings suggest ways to support elements of the work that HCWs find empowering and decrease elements that contribute to job dissatisfaction and turnover.     

Reinvigorating the social contract and strengthening social cohesion: Social protection responses to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of those who are inadequately covered by social protection in more and less developed countries alike, and has exacerbated the fragility of a social contract that was already under strain in many countries. A weak social contract in the context of an exceptional crisis poses a very real risk to social cohesion. Nevertheless, many States have reasserted themselves as the guarantor of rights by protecting public health and incomes. By sustaining these measures, economic recovery will be supported which will help minimize risks that may weaken social cohesion. However, this is a fast-moving, inherently unstable and protracted crisis. Social protection stands at a critical juncture. Decisive policy action will be required to strengthen social protection systems, including floors, as one of the cornerstones of a reinvigorated social contract.     

重大公共卫生事件中应如何作为:来自医学人类学哈佛学派的启示

聚焦人类学者在针对重大公共卫生事件的跨学科研究中应该有何作为这一议题,通过借鉴来自医学人类学哈佛学派的民族志洞见和研究经验,为当下2019新型冠状病毒疫情危机中所进行的田野观察和分析,以期获得灵感和启示,并探索有可行性和操作性的研究策略和方法。     

Building home on a fault line: Aging out of child welfare with a serious mental health diagnosis

Youth aging out of foster care are at high risk for homelessness. This research explains how and why homelessness occurs among youth with serious mental health struggles after aging out of residential and transitional living programmes. Using a longitudinal constructivist grounded theory design, we analyse 20 in‐depth interviews exploring youth's transition experiences and perceptions of transition success within 4 months of emancipation and at 6 and 12 months postemancipation. Monthly 15‐min check‐ins prevented attrition. A three‐phase transition process was observed driven by participant desires and actions to cultivate psychological home through establishing physical home alone away from social networks. Pre‐emancipation, the promise of home was privacy and opportunity for self‐redefinition. Shortly after emancipation, home became a physical and social space to be, a valuable resource to share and a demonstration of personal transition success. However, later in the year postemancipation, maintaining physical home proves nearly impossible given the risk context. Findings speak to how and why youth aging out appear overly self‐reliant upon emancipation. Cultivating a psychological sense of home has practice implications for child welfare providers who aim to prepare youth to live independently postemancipation.